The Electrostatic Energy Harvesting Engineering Essay

The Electrostatic Energy pull together Engineering Essaythis news report presents a general idea of the inactive verve garner cheats. Their prevailings principle, harvesting method and basic visualizes exit be expounded. And another two new approaches, 2D qualification reaper and non- smelling(p) vim harvester with rolling cud willing be shown. The 2D life force harvester gouge harvest energy in compulsive directions in a plane. And non-resonant energy harvester with rolling mass shows its low frequence capability. It fag end harvest 0.5 W at 10Hz. Further return of this design may applied to energy harvesting from human be drive.Int magnetic poleuctionGenerally, batteries ar the most reliable former source for electronic devices. It is advocateful, easy to use. However, it can only if provide constant power for a limited period. After that, the batteries have to be changed. Therefore, for those devices that have large measure of number or in inaccessible position. Batteries argon not competent for them. Energy harvesting devices are unmatchable of the attractive options of these exercises. Energy harvesters can harvest energy from different ambient sources such as solar, caloric and shiver. In these cases, solar is not a reliable source, temperature gradients are modest, cycle seems the more abundant, stable and predictable choices.Currently, trinity major methods apply to vibration energy harvesting, electromagnetic, stable and piezoelectric mechanisms. Each technique has its own advantages. get by of articles did research and provided good conclusion on them. 1-3Electrostatic energy harvesting device has the lowest energy harvesting capabilities in these three mechanisms, except it has the most specific advantages. It facilitates CMOS integration 4. That means it can realize self-power incorporated circuits as an on-chip power source. It also environment protects. Unlike piezoelectric and electromagnetic counterparts that require exotic materials. Electrostatic devices are mainly made of silicon.5This paper will focus on the on-line(prenominal) still harvesting research. Its working principle and harvesting carry throughes will be discussed in the first part. about new approaches will also be presented.electrostatic harvesting operate PrincipleThe electrostatic harvesters harness the work d wholeness against the electrostatic deplume of a variable capacity. In other words, the vibrations cause the initiative blank space or lap area of a check plate ocular condenser to go under constant impeach or electric potential condition. This causes the condenser change of parallel plate condenser and produces electrical energy.The fundamental commentary is given by the formula below.C=Q/V (1)Where C is electrical condenser of variable capacitor in farads, Q is the charge on the plate in coulombs and V is the voltage on the plates in voltsC= (A/d) (2)Where A is the overlap area of the plates i n and d is the distance mingled with the plates in m. This equation shows the electrical condenser is proportional to A and inverse proportional to d.(3)E is the work done in joules.If the charge Q is held constant, then V will vary as C changes because of their inverse proportional relationship. and so from, the relation betwixt voltage and capacitor energy is squared rather than linear. As a result, the work done will increase as the C decrease. That provides the harvested energy. connatural thing happens when the voltage V is held constant and Q varies. 1They are known as the voltage-constrained method and charge-constrained method. 6 In the recent applications, the charge-constrained method is more popular over the voltage-constrained method as the voltage-constrained method requires an extra charge reservoir to move on the voltage in a constant value, while the charge-constrained method only requires one. 4For charge constrained system, as shown in material body 1 the en ergy alteration cycle starts as the variable content reaches it maximum Cmax. The charging process is represented by the path from flower A to Point B in figure 1. At point B, the energy stored can be shown as,(4)From point B to point C, an external charge reservoir is attached in rules of order to keep the charge constant. The capacitance is starting diminish as the overlap area A decreases or the distance betwixt the plates d increases. The voltage is inverse proportional to the capacitance which is why the voltage increases in this period. This period is the actual mechanical to electrical conversion period. The energy stored at point C is now,(5)The path from point C to point A is the discharging of the charge on the variable capacitor back into the charge reservoirThe whole process forms a proper energy conversion cycle. And the amount of energy gain is,(6)Usually there is a parallel capacitor is committed parallel with the variable capacitor in order to limit the maximu m voltage that might damage the system during the harvesting. Then the energy equation is becoming,(7) stick out 1. Charge-constrained energy conversion cycle.B. Steps of energy harvestingThe vibration cycle in an electrostatic energy harvester has three steps, pre-charge, harvest and reset. Figure 2.Figure 2. vibration cycle of electrostatic harvester.In the system, the variable capacitor is pre-charged to the battery voltage, and then the capacitor is connected to the battery. The circuit has no current flow at first since the capacitor and battery have same voltage level. But with the separation of the capacitor plates or the decreases of overlap area, the voltage increases with the decrease of capacitance. Charge therefore flows into the batteries and energy is harvested. When the capacitance reaches minimum value, the energy left in the capacitor will be driven back to the batteries and ready for the next cycle.C. Basic DesignsThese three mechanisms in the figure 3 are the thre e basic design structures of the electrostatic harvesters, in-plane overlap converter, in-plane faulting- stopping point converter and out-of-plane gap- ratiocination converter. The in-plane overlap converter varies its capacitance by changing the overlap area between disinvolve fingers the in-plane gap- finale converter varies its capacitance by change the displacement between comb fingers and the out-of-plane gap closing converter varies its capacitance by change the gap between the pith proofread mass and two electrode plates.The most of the current designs of electrostatic harvesters are based on these three basic designs.Figure 3. (a) in-plane overlap converter. (b) in-plane gap-closing converter. (c) out-of-plane gap closing converter.D. Comparison in these three designsYe Mei Lim8 did a get a line on the create energy for these three designs. Firstly the in-plane overlap and in-plane gap closing converters were compared. The Cmax for the one set of comb fingers were 0.1 22pF and the Cmin can be process as zero since the application of silicon nitride nonconductor coating which is a very thin layer of chemical (up to 0.1m) that can electrically assign the electrodes even the plates contacts with each other4. While using the same set of comb fingers, the Cmax were 0.149nF and Cmin were 0.122pF. By applying equation (7), the in-plane overlap converter harvests 1000 times less(prenominal) than in-plane gap closing converter. Then with the simulation of twain in-plane gap closing converter and out-of-plane gap closing converter. The results were found out that the in-plane gap closing mechanism is approximately 1.8 times that of the out-of-plane gap closing mechanism for subvert volumes between 5 and 50.NEW APPRAOCHESA. 2D Electrostatic Harvester approximately of the past electrostatic harvesters are only one degree of unloaddom. They can only harvest energy via one direction of motion. Y. Zhu fabricates a 2 degree of freedom electrostatic transdu cer for energy harvesting with resonance frequencies of 38520 Hz and 38725 Hz. It can scavenge energy in arbitrary directions in a plane with two resonance frequency peaks. Also an ultrasound-based method for powering the device is presented.Y. Zhus design includes a 2 degree of freedom motion mechanism. The unstable mass is coupled with both frames as shown in figure 3 with elastic flexures. This design makes the device be able to detect both movements in X and Y frames and also decouples the X and Y movements of the mass.Figure 4. Two degree of freedom motion mechanism to harvest both direction in-plane vibration energyFigure 5 shows the SEM image of the 2-DOF electrostatic transducer. And table I are the give away parameters of this design. The width difference of X frame and Y frame gives the transducer two different resonance frequencies. The uncreated resonance frequency at 39238 Hz and second at 39266 Hz. That gives a 302 Hz of -10dB bandwidth. It is twice of the 1D reson ator. This device can obtain 10mV through a 1M ohm resistive load and harvest 0.1 nW power. Since this transducer can be power by an unhearable generator of frequency close to its resonance frequency. Since the ultrasonic is relatively safer than other power sources. This design may be expedient for functions in medical environment.Figure 5. SEM image of the 2-DOF electrostatic transducer.Table 1. key parameter of the 2-DOF energy harvesterB. Non-Resonant electrostatic harvester with rolling massM.E.Kiziroglous design 10-11 focuses on maximizing the proof mass. In this design, an external free rolling proof mass is introduced. The mechanical energy is proportional to the proof mass, bigger mass generates more energy. This design is a non-resonant device. This property gives it wider applications.Figure 6. (a) Device structure. (b) Equivalent circuit of the deviceThe Device structure is shown in figure 6(a). Figure (b) is the equivalent circuit of the device. The stainless steel ro d acts as the contact switches and comb finger. When the steel rod is aligned with one of the strip electrodes, it connects with a Cu input Contacts to pre-charge the rod. That generates an electrostatic force between the rod and the strip electrode. That pulls the rod away from the strip electrode and reduces the capacitance at constant charge. The rod then disconnects with the input contact and makes the contact with a discharge electrode. The energy will be transferred as a exalted voltage pulse. The test of the current pattern of this device reveals a capacitance ratio of 4 and demonstrates a voltage gain of 2.4.Later Kiziroglou provides an travel design of that 12. This time the glass substrate is form in a cylindrical shape. Figure 7 is fabrication and optical images of the device. The first prototype is characterised with plate size 1 x 10 mm and SiO2 dielectric thickness of 50 nm. A 10 mm-long, 2.5 mm-diameter steel rod was used. A minimum capacitance of 2 pF and a maximu m of 9 pF are observed. The voltage gain is 3 corresponds to a priming voltage 30V. The power generation is 0.5W when the rod oscillation frequency at 10 Hz. The biggest advantage of this device is the capability of low frequency. That makes the human body motion as a suitable motion sources for it.Figure 7. Fabrication and optical imagesconclusionThe focus of this paper is to present the general idea current achievement of electrostatic energy harvesting. And it gives a related reference for the assembly project. For most of the electrostatic harvester designs, a relatively high resonant frequency comparing with human body motion is need. However, the low frequency capability of the non-resonant energy harvester with rolling mass shows the possibility of the application of this technology in the projects. Additionally, most of the current devices only have one degree of freedom. The 2D energy harvester design can harvest arbitrary directions motion in a plane, which sufficiently i ncreases the power output of device. However, it needs a high frequency. That makes it not suitable for the requirement of the project.

Business Management of Cloud Services

Business Management of mottle Services1. ca-ca executive supportSenior management team mustinessiness learn and take responsibility for the successful adoption of swarm gains. Pressures allow for go from a number of key players in any blot out conclusiveness IT, finance, procurement, and the user community. The IT community is or so concerned about global plan of attack and impact on networks, warranter, user performance, etc. The key to their support is a globally-aware architectural plan for mist over implementation. Finance and procurement are around concerned about saving money. The key to executive support is a well-thought ROI rationale and calculation. Users are often most concerned scaling the surround in lock-step with changes to the business. The key to executive support from this group is to demonstrate higher(prenominal) elasticity from the cloud.2. Address administrational change managementManagement must see to it and address the pressures introduced b y cloud computer science on the organization. Cloud computing pass on introduce change to the normal IT development and deployment processes, rupture down many organizational barriers and norms. At the heart of change is devotion of loss-primarily, loss of control. The change must have a well-managed, well-planned process for mitigating consternation of loss. Embracing change is critical to success.3. Establish commitmentThe organization must be fully committed to developing and executing a strategical plan for cloud computing within the enterprise. Adoption of cloud computing should be led by senior management including the CEO and chief financial officer with the CIO and CTO playing a role of key enablers.4. Carefully evaluate cloud service agreements to ensure critical business needsDo non use service agreements for a fundamentally broken system that cannot put together the expectations being set. The service agreement is a shared responsibility and only if moving a serv ice to a cloud come throughr does not mean that the service leave behind magically work. Buy service, not servers. realize for complete managed services where you rely on the cloud provider to contain all the parts into a complete solution. A aright negotiated service agreement will ensure there is a partnership amid the customer and provider for the overall success of the service.5. Address federated governanceCloud services are by nature distributed, but most command-and-control systems for managing IT are hierarchical. To succeed, some degree of distributed control and federated governance is required to match the model of cloud service delivery. Before making a decision on a cloud service provider, it is important to understand how the cloud service will be managed and what processes need to be co-ordinated into the existing IT environment.6. Rationalize security and privacyAt the heart of security is trust. Often cloud providers have a deeper awareness of what is requi red to provide good security than the customers they serve. However, the customer and cloud service provider must work together to gear up a trust relationship and to establish the security and privacy required. Document the level of security required to properly protect the service and data and let the provider confirm how the requirements will be met. Objectively measure the providers true security capabilities. It is critical that fond information does not find its way into the wrong hands. The provider is creditworthy for ensuring that the data has appropriate protection, consistent with the requirements of the SLA.7. Comply with legal and restrictive requirementsAn organization must be aware of and plan for adherence to legal and regulatory requirements, including those related to security, privacy and accessibility. Failure to comply can derail the cloud computing effort and result in costly lawsuits.8. Define prosody and a process for measuring impactCreate operational po etic rhythm which define steady state success define how the metrics will be measured. Use metrics to assess cost savings and revenue enhancement enhancement, and to validate SLA compliance, including elasticity, availability, performance globalization, etc. By measuring results, there will be a baseline from which to make better decisions for future cloud services with the goal of continual ROI improvement

A Midsummer Nights Dream Performance Analysis

A Midsummer darknesss Dream mathematical process AnalysisIn A Midsummer Nights Dream- How would you perform the routine ofLysander (500 words)Demetrius(500 words)capital of Montana(500 words)Hermia(500 words)Theseus(500 words)in club to organise on interpretation of the role to your consultation?A smirch to consider before bringing the individual genius interpretations into simulated military operation is how to con textual matterualise the works in spite of appearance the text as a whole. In former(a) words, the char put to workers are non mutu entirelyy exclusive entities, rather, they are interactive and woven into the landscape of the dramatic play. on that pointfore, I would homogeneous to propose a general outline for the overall process. on that point are many ways to perform A Midsummer Nights Dream, and the way I choose result affect elements of the voices. There have been many achievements of Shakespearean drama, where the play is brought into the moder n day. I however, would comparable to perform the play in its classic setting. I would kindred the play to retain its archaic time setting. It is a very self-reflexive play it is a play about staging a play. This cotton ups the idea of drama at its root the reheasrsal and work that goes into a play. I would like to leave the play in an olden day setting beca work it consolidates the idea of drama creation detached from life through its artifice, and the play be set in a by-gone era further consolidates the idea of detaching drama from everyday life.(a)The premiere character I would like to look at is Lysander. He ref parts to hand over to Demetriuss demand for Hermias hand, and risks the wrath of Theseus by eloping with Hermia. This demonstrates non exclusively the depth of his feeling for Hermia, but overly his conviction in his take beliefs, and the courage to carry out these beliefs.The comic arc of Lysanders performance hits its climax after Puck has sprinkled the drive in potion into his eyes and he waterfall in love with Helena. I would perform the character with some hyperbole at this point, in edict to exact the comic element of the text to the earshot. The idea of Lysander challenging Demetrius to a duel in order to grow Helenas hand is an example of the excessive behaviour and heightened pull through that brings much of the comedy into the play. It is a humour that comes from the reversal of the natural order Helena has gone from being desperately in love with Demetrius and being scorned by him to being the object of some(prenominal) mens affection, for example.This reversal in the behaviour of Lysander is something Id like to highlight in performance. I think a neuter in demeanor, and in vocal qualities could highlight this. At the ancestor of the play, Lysander is portrayed as a romantic hero. I would get down this to the reference through his appearance ideally, the role would be filled by a tall, handsome man. I would li ke him to wear a costume of light material symbolising the pureness of the true lovers (Hermias description of themselves). As I would like to solemnize the play true to its chromatic origins, I would like Lysander to wear a type of Athenean costume, which he could change when he enters the wood. I would like all the characters to change their costumes when they enter the forest, to represent the immense change in their environment. I would like him to don a to a greater extent earthy, swarthy coloring materialed robe, much(prenominal) as green, to convey the pastoral environment to the earreach.I would like to counseling on how the character of Lysander should be performed during the sequence in which he challenges Demetrius to a duel. The interpretation that I would like to convey to the hearing is one of escalating absurdity, which contributes to humour. This would be done through the props, delivery, vocal fibre, paralinguistic features and a demonstration of how Lysand er relates to Demetrius in this air divisionLysanderHelen, I love thee. By my life I do.I inform by that which I will lose for theeTo prove him false that says I love thee non.DemetriusI say I love thee more than he derriere do.LysanderIf thou say so, withdraw, and prove it too. (Scene III, acquit II, lines 251-256)There is a strong sense of rhythm in these lines, and also rhyme, which contribute to the emphasis and sense of heightened action. I would like the actor to highlight the rhythm in his delivery.I would like Lysander to adopt a masculine stance, and to circle Dimitrius, expanding his run around the stand for, owning the level, as it were, using the entire stage to convey to the audience that he feels he owns the distance, as he prowls around it.(493 words)A character trait that emerges from the text is the point where he tells the infatuated Helena that when he says, Tempt not too much the hatred of my spirit/For I am sick when I do look on thee. (Scene II rolep lay I, lines 211-212). This utterance evokes a sense of his cruel constitution, a dislogistic view of Demetrius which is further consolidated when we examine the first first fit of the first act. When Lysander and Hermia are told that they cannot draw, Demetruis tells them they should let him have his certain right. (Scene I influence I line 92). There is subsequently a huge change in Demetruis when he falls back in love with Helena at the end of the play. This is indicative of a softening of his character a change which I feel should be represented visually in performance.In order to convey Demetruiss somewhat cruel, righteous nature to the audience, I think the actor should appropriate a certain demeanor. clay language could be employ to demonstrate his confident, cocky side. For example, he could strut, use large gestures and also make use of all of the stage space exercising his self imposed right to the stage space in the same way that he wants to exercise his right to Hermias hand. I would like his costume to be dark colours such(prenominal) as a rich red and flamboyant design, to contrast with Lysanders. The vocal qualities should also demonstrate these traits. He only has devil lines in scene I, act one, so it is very authorized how these are represented, as they will be the first goion the audience have of him.Demetriuss lines areRelent, sugared Hermia and, Lysander, yieldThy crazed title to my certain right. (Scene I, Act I, lines 91-92)The way in which this line is performed is very essential. As the tormented lovers, the audience feels very potently for Hermia and Lysander, to whom the presence of Demetrius is an invasive one. I would therefore also like to convey to the audience this sense of invasion. When Demetrius says, Relent, sweet Hermia I would like him to walk up to Hermia, and put his arm around her, caressing her with his other hand, turning them two away from Lysander. When he speaks to Lysander, Demetrius should keep his back to Lysander, but turn his dot to face him, so that his line is like an aside, as if he does not respect him. The words crazed title should be accompanied by paralinguistic features, such as an outstretching arm to convey to the audience how much Demetrius does not want Lysander and Hermia to marry. Finally, the word my should be over emphasized to convey that Demetrius strongly feels that Hermia should be his, whether she loves him or not, because of the wishes of her generate.His character, and especially his behaviour towards Helana changes at the end of the play. Whilst in the earlier stages of the play, he is confident, using large gestures and a lot of stage space, at the end of the play, I would like him to express a more tender side to the audience, to convey the increase of his characterThat we are wakeful? It seems to meThat yet we sleep, we dream. Do not you thinkThe duke was here, and bid us stick him? (Scene IV, Act I, lines 192-194)This line should be use d to convey character development to the audience as it contrasts so strongly with his opening line the use of you in contrast to my for example. There is also a confusion in this utterance, which contrast with the confidence in the first lines.(566 words)HelenaAt the beginning of the play, Helena is portrayed as hapless the scorned lover who has been wooed by Demetrius and then ignored in favour of Hermia. However, like Demetrius, Helena demonstrates a massive character development and work shift. Like Lysander, the arc of her character flight of steps reaches its crescendo after Puck has sprinkled the love potion in Lysander and Demetriuss eyes. When they both try to woo her, she feels they are mocking her, and gets angry. To best convey the transformation in her character between before and after the love potion has been dispensed, Id like to consider how vocal quality and demeanor can be used in two of her utterancesCall you me graceful? That fair again unsay.Demetrius loves y our fair. O happy fairSickness is catching. O, were favour so,Yours would I catch, fair Hermia, ere I go.O, teach me how you look, and with what artYou sway the motion of Demetrius heart. (Scene I, Act I, lines 181-194)This except is from a long pitch in which Helena harvest to extol the virtues of Hermia, with whom Demetrius is infatuated. The pick up message I would like to convey to the audience from this talking to is the idea that Helena is confused, upset and slightly jealous of Hermia. She is request Hermia how she won the heart of Demetrius. In order to convey this dejection to the audience, I think the delivery of this speech should involve some rhetoric mend Helena is asking Hermia how she wooed him, and saying how fair Hermia is, my interpretation of this speech is that it is a melancholy meditation on the loss of her love. She is not looking for outside answers, rather internal answers, and so it is questions she is asking herself. This could be expressed to the a udience by the character of Helena distancing her self physically from the group this would be a visual symbol of her isolation. Her demeanor and body language would be hunched and dejected, and her voice subdued and hushedThe other speech that is a seminal moment in the performance of Helen is when she feels she is being mocked by the two men, and gets angry. Clearly her relationship with Demetrius is changed when he falls in love with her. tour she may be unaware of it, the hierarchy of the relationship has been overturned, and she has now select a position of power. In her speech, she saysO spite O sine I see you are all bentTo set against me for your merriment.If you were urbane and knew courtesyYou would not do me thus much injury. (Scene III, Act II, lines 145-148)This speech can be used to great effect to demonstrate the performance possibilities of this role. The demeanor and vocal qualities performing this speech would require differ tremendously to the earlier one w ith a louder voice, delivery directed at the other characters and inflated body language required.(493 words)HermiaHermia is represented in the play as a strong, defiant young woman, prepared to take risks in order to fulfil her own desires. This is exemplified in her refusal to bow down to her fathers wish that she marry Demetrius. In the face of a death sentence, or life in a nunnery, she escapes with Lysander into the forest. Lysanders love for Hermia, along with Demetriuss desire, demonstrate that she is an attractive and desirable young woman.These are two important points Id like to consider when constructing the performance of Hermia. I would like to convey to the audience her knowledgeable strength and determination, alongside her physical attractiveness.The spirit of physical attractiveness could be conveyed primarily through costume and appearance. As Hermia is clearly a woman of considerable entreaty (illustrated when Helena asks her what charm she used to capture Deme truiss heart), her costume should reflect this. As it is believed that she inadvertently won over Demetrius (this is an ambiguity in the text it is possible that Demetrius loves her because her father is so impressed by him) I would also like to impress upon the audience a sense of naivete and innocence. The obvious symbolic colour of this is fair. White would also look striking under the stage lights. I would use floaty fabrics for the costumes, such as organza, to communicate the ethereal quality of not only Hermia herself, but also the forest, and the magic contained within it. When Hermia leaves capital of Greece and escapes to the forest, I would like her to adopt a robe over her dress, of green, to convey to the audience, through her change in costume, that a change is impending in the play.While the charm and beauty of the character of Hermia will be communicated visually, the inner strength and courage that I interpret as being severalise elements of her character, will be communicated through her demeanor. It is commonly understood in the plain of body language that confident people stand up straight, dissimilar shy people, who hunch up, in a subconscious decision to take up less space. In this way, stage space becomes an important indicant of personality. I have mentioned before that I would, at certain points in the text like characters to use the whole space of the stage to convey a sense of confidence. I would like the performance of Hermia to adopt a comfortable use of the entire stage space.More specifically, I would like to refer to one speech that I feel is very important in the text, in Scene I, Act I, when Hermia is talking to Theseus with regards to her desire to marry LysanderSo will I grow, so live, so die, my lord,Ere I will yield my virgin patent upUnto his lordship whose unwished yokeMy intellect consents not to give soveregnity. (Scene I, Act I, lines 79-82)This speech is an important point at the text because Hermia makes cle ar her intentions to avoid marriage to Demetrius. It is a very dramatic, metier piece. This speech should be delivered with intensity, to convey to the audience the depth of Hermias feelings for Lysander. The performance should include some paralinguistic features such as moving around the stage, facial expressions and hand movements to express her feelings visually.(549 words)My understanding of Theseus is that he is a very decomposable character there is conflicting evidence in the text as to his true nature. There is one utterance in the text that brings up questions regarding his true nature, when he is talking to Hippolyta and he says thatHippolyta, I wooed thee with my sword,And won thy love doing thee injuriesBut I will wed thee in another key (Scene I, Act I, lines 16-18)My interpretation of this line is that Theseus raped Hippolyta. The implications of this in terms of how the character should be performed are vast. In much of the text, Theseus is represented as a pensiv e, thoughtful man. He kindly advises Hermia to Take time to pause (Scene I, Act I, line 83) when discussing the situation with her father Egeus. This scene presents him as rational and kindly.The soupcon of rape in line 16 makes the line highly important, the clue I would like to convey to the audience is the idea that Theseus is warning Hippolyta. In bringing the issue of the rape to the forefront, he is reminding her of the power balance in their relationship. There is also possibly some penitence in this admission. This could be communicated to the audience through the use of certain vocal qualities, demeanor and stage space. I would like Theseuss sense of power to be conveyed to the audience in a visual way, so he would deliver this speech standing, and walking around, whilst the character of Hippolyta would be sitting down. The discrepancy in their high gear would be a visual representation of the hierarchy, which would further consolidate what Theseus was saying. This is su ch a patriarchal power play that props could be used to represent a sense of phallocentricity such as a sceptre a regal and phallic symbol. The use of this prop could convey to the audience my interpretation of Theseus as being the patriarchal and dominant force in the opening of the play. His kingdom is run on a set of pie-eyed rules for example, Egeus invoking the ancient law of Athens as Hermia wants to marry Lysander. This is in marginal contrast to the forest the mysterious, feminine arena which is the binary opposite of Athens.In terms of demeanor, Theseus should be calm, and considered in his movements. I would like his costume to be of dark colours, and of neat, clean lines. This operates in contrast to Hermias costume the white of her costume is a symbol of innocence while the dark of Theseuss costume is aligned with the dark side he hints at in this speech.(440 words)

History of the Roman Baths

History of the popish BathsHala Ahmed AlbinaliMs. Jessica LundThe romish BathsThe Ro human race baths are im custodyse and big(p) complex structures designed for dishwashing, relaxing, and socializing. The roman letterss believed the baths were essential to the romish civilization and that they were an example of their transcendency and power. The romish baths were an important dampen of daily life in antiquated Romes architectural and social role, since it fulfilled papists concerns ab egress health and cleanliness, as sound as allowed all social classes to mix freely, relax, choke, and bath fleck being drivers of the evolution of architecture.The Roman baths were centers of leisure, socialization, business, and gossip. They were originally strengthened as a whateverwhat buck private gym in the households of wealthy Romans. The baths similarly existed in early Egyptian palaces. The Romans took the idea of a hipbath from the Greeks and expanded it into a senior hig h degree of sophistication. The baths were commonly located near the forum, which is a market place or Public Square of an ancient Roman city, the center of reasoned and business affairs and a place of assembly for the people. At an gibe site in Pompeii, where the first and earliest entry fee recession was disc everywhereed, that the cost of entry at the Roman baths was simple one quadrans the smallest chance upon currency in Rome, therefore the Roman baths became a daily governance for people of all classes. On holidays, the entrance fee was free, and during Diocletians triumph the fee cost two denarii, which was more expensive than usual. The wealthy Romans had balnae in their villas, which were smaller, private bathhouses. The Roman baths, which are called thermae, were immensely astronomical bathhouses built for a state and it typically took several blocks. Mixed bathing was unacceptable by approximately citizens, so there were times for both men and women at the Ro man baths. Roman men would work around the afternoon and refrain by 2PM or 3PM. At 2PM, the baths were open for mainly men to sport, bathe, and communicate until the baths close. On the other hand, Women had less time, they went in the morning while the men were at work to bathe, gossip, come if they were athletes, and meet friends until 2PM. Republican bathhouses had separate bathing facilities for men and women instead of having times for both men and women. As the Roman baths popularity grew, men began to use the baths daily, even the Emperor Commodus who ruled from 180 BC to 192 BC as well(p) as ruling as co-emperor with his father, Marcus Aurelius, from 177 BC liked bathing so much he says he visited as much as eight times a day. From the beginning of second Century BC, the Roman Baths grew in popularity and size since each Emperor time-tested to outshine the last Emperor by building more alter bathhouses for the citizens of Rome. By 5th Century AD, the Roman baths became a fundamental part of ancient Roman culture and could be entrap all over the Roman Empire there were over nine hundred in Rome alone. Some amazing examples of the Roman baths are the baths of Caracalla, which covered more than thirty-two acres and could hold sixteen hundred bathers at once. It is among the most magnificent bathhouses of the entire Imperial era, solely Diocletians baths outdid that since they have held up to triad thousand people.Some Roman bathhouses were built on pictorial savory springs, which were known for their meliorate properties. According to writings and the ritual offerings found in excavations that the wet, usually as hot as forty-six degrees Centigrade, that the healing was thought to be the work of the gods. Some ancient Roman bathhouses had temples built either on the site or very close to it, thus they became sacred places. For example, Sulis was the Celtic goddess of the spring, and when the Romans arrived, they worshipped her too. They recogn ized her with their own goddess of healing, Minerva. On the hot spring, the baths were built, and next to it, a temple to Sulis-Minerva in a walled enclosure. There were no services in the temple, but priests sacrificed animals, and after that, people went in for private prayers. They prayed standing in front of the statue with their work force out, palms up, and when they finished they kissed the statues feet. well-nigh ancient Roman baths were places of entertainment rather than worship.The bathhouses were built to provide a regular ritual that Romans repeated every time they visited the Roman baths. When entryway the baths, they would first go to the dressing populate, or apodyterium, where there werecabinets to store their habiliments and shoes which were guarded by slaves for a fee. The slave(s) would also escort the bathers while carrying the bathers gear. Sometimes the dressing room had multiple purposes, for example, in the Stabian Baths in Pompeii, thewomens dressing r oomwas also a frigidarium, a room with a small cold-water system pool. There is no clear evidence that shows what the Romans wore when bathing, but they whitethorn also have worn some light covering in the baths. Within the baths, they may have worn special sandals with thick soles to nurture their feet from the heated floors. In the baths, there was a large central courtyard, whichwas the exercise ground, or palaestra. A shadyporticothat led into the bathing rooms surrounded it. The palaestra has a natationa large outdoor pool such asone in the Stabian Baths. Since the Romans had no soap, they would use oil instead. After changing clothes and oiling their bodies, young-begetting(prenominal) bathers would usually begin their routine with exercise, by doing exercises such as wrestling, meek weight lifting, numerous types ofball playing, running, and swimming. After exercise, the bathers would have the dirt and oil scraped from their bodies with a curved metal tool called astrigil . A slave carried their towels,oil flasks,and strigils, while the bathers would parachuting bathing through rooms of various temperatures. They may start in the warm room or tepidarium, which had heated walls and floors, but sometimes no pool, and then proceed to the hot bath, or caldarium, which wasclosest to the furnace. The caldarium had a large or small pool with very hot water and awaist-high fountainor labrum with cool water to splash on their face and neck. After this, the bather could spend some time in thetepidariumagain before finishing in thecold roomor frigidarium, a room with acold pool. They would sometimes repeat the same progression of rooms but backwards. Other rooms provided moist steam such as sudataria, run dry heat like a sauna or laconicum, as well as massages with perfumed oils. After their baths, they could stroll in the other places the Roman baths offered. The bathers could watch performances of jugglers or acrobats, stroll in the gardens, visit the libra ry, buy a snack from food vendors, or listen to a literary recital.The baths reckon to be a quiet, leisurely place, but the baths were noisy, as one philosopherSenecacomplained when he lived near a bathhouse in RomeThe sturdy man does his exercise with lead weights. When he is straining hard (or pretending to) I can acquire him grunt when he breathes out I hear him panting and his hoarse gasps. Or I might hear the blows of the massagers hands slapping his shoulders. To all this, add the man who dives in with a lot of racket and splashing. And if a ball player comes along and begins to count his score out loud, I am definitely finished.The baths were made to be very gentle and striking places. Although most of the decorations have not survived, many writers commented on the sumptuosity of the bathhouses, describing them with words such as, well-lighted, lovely mosaics, airy rooms with high overleap ceilings, silver faucets and fittings, and paintings and colored marble panels . There was also a large entrance or meeting field of battle, where people could walk, talk, or sit on seats around two large fountains. Roman engineers invented a musical arrangement of heating the baths called thehypocaust. Pillars and spaces were left inside the walls so that hot air from the furnace, or praefurnium, could circulate and catamenia through the space in the walls. Rooms that inevitable the most heat were placed closest to the furnace and the heat could be increase by adding more wood to the furnace. Many heated rooms and pools were positioned to organise the most of the heat of the sun. At the Baths of Caracalla, the hot room was an enormous sign that was one hundred and fifteen feet wide with a pool three feet deep.In order to heat it, approximately fifty large furnaces were needed as well as millions of fireproof terracotta bricks or special bricks called tegulae mammatae. Bathhouses also had largepublic latrines, usually with marble seats over channels whos e continuous flow of water that established the first flush toilets. These toilets were a vital part of the plumb system as well as another common area in which to sit and talk. There was a continuous water flow underneath the seats. A shallowwater channelin front of the seats providedsponges attached to sticksfor people to disinfect themselves.The Roman baths were among the most splendid and luxurious of all the outstanding works, and it allowed all, no matter what their social role was, to enjoy the magnificent baths. With their exquisite furnishings, high vaulted ceilings, paintings, brightly colored mosaics, marble panels, and silver faucets and fittings. As well as its organization and planning. The Roman baths were an important part of Romes superiority, social role, and advancements in architecture and more.Ancient Roman Baths Ancient Roman Architecture in Action.Web. 18 February 2015.Camelot International Britains Heritage and History. Web. 18 Feb. 2015.James. Roman Baths Facts and Information. 25 Mar. 2013. Web. 18 Feb. 2016.McManus, Barbara F. Roman Baths. June 2011. Web. 16 Feb. 2015.Cartwright, Mark. Roman Baths. 2 may 2013. Web. 17 Feb. 2015.McGuire, Lela. Baths in Ancient Rome. Web. 18 February 2015ROMAN BATHS. Web. 18 Feb. 2015.Carr, Karen. Roman Baths.. 10 Feb. 2015. Web. 18 Feb. 2015.Baths. PBS. Web. 18 Feb. 2015.The Romans The Bath House. 8 Mar. 2014. Web. 18 Feb. 2015.Roman Baths. Web. 18 Feb. 2015.The Scribe. Ancient History Blog. 14 Jan. 2011. Web. 18 Feb. 2015.

Effects of Communication on Organisational Culture

Effects of chat on Organisational CultureTopic 2 A range of authors (e.g. Gerard and Ellinor 2001 Isaacs 1993, 1999 Schein 1993 Senge 1995) genialle that conference can positively understand organisational closes.Introduction communication acts as conversational skill, which is from physical and innate ability. chat can be utilise and appe bed everywhere, in work place, school, bus, home, pub etc. It is one beginning when you come across virtuallyone and try to do something new. Dialogue always extend to the unharmed society, human and goal from ancient times to this present, in particular validational cultures. In this essay, on that point argon some effectives, which ar some positively transform organisational cultures to be explained. Some relevant academic literatures and suggestion of authors ar going to be support in this essay. Several examples depart be decl be oneselfd. Finally, there are some discussion and challenges to be supplied and forecasted futur e.The word of colloquy is derived from Greek, which means flowing through with(predicate) (Isaacs, W.N, 1993). In 1914, dialog is provided one win over between human beings by Martin Buber who is the philosopher (Senge, P, 1995). In simplest sense, dialogue is one kind of talking skill, which is known as special conversation (Dixon, N.M, 1998). This conversation is bipartisan conference with emotion and passion between persons in different society, formation and group (Swidler, L, 1966). Learning and teaching result be occurred both view of persons, who can understand the whole among parts, link them together and make a decision from dialogue (Gerard, G., Ellinor, L., 2001). Therefore, dialogue will take on a safe and effective influence to transform geological formational cultures.Accounting to figure 1, there are four type of organizational culture to provide, which are war-ridden culture, learning culture, bureaucratic culture and participative culture. These cul tures depend on different direct of environmental adaptation and internal integration (Hellrigle and Slocum, 1994). These four different of cultures will be positively transformed by dialogue from individual, group and organizational levels.At the beginning, there is one example to be given from obligate of Dialogue At Work. It describes engineering organization in Colorado. One project-based was supported and replaced. Some of employees never talk and share any ideas with early(a)s. However, some of them are very exciting and interesting this project. They discuss with employees, film directors. They created one system for themselves to a greater extent or less(prenominal) how to work and what changes would success their projects (Dixon, N.M., 1998).Accounting to this caseful, individual and group dialogue play a role for learning culture. Isaacs mention dupeive thinking and talk will impact learning culture (Isaacs, W. N., 1993). In the first, Employees should sustain r eplete acquaintance and experiences to provide when they are working in company. If they do non, they have to be trained before they worked. provision is beginning of dialogue from organization. Training is non nevertheless learned from teacher how to do. They need to go outside, not precisely in some formula to work. Employees can discuss with new(prenominal) employees to share study skills, this is because some skills can not learn from knowledge of book or rules. Dialogue is the best way to think and make a decision which method is get for you. On the other(a) hand, some mixture of qualification and generic skills training become a good deal more popular. This training force on hearty interaction skills, team working, adaptability and flexibleness of response. This non-formal learning will provide more challenge and skill for employees to go outside and contact others. This abnormal training dialogue can much more positively impact organizational culture (Cressey P., Kelleher M., 1999).Secondly, there are several problems will be appeared when they are working. These problems could not be lick by training skills. Employees whitethorn require another dialogues with staff or managers. Group communication is as extensive as individual learning, especially innovation and new production development department in participative culture of company. There is one successful case, which is Telia Company. They create interactive academy which is provided on line. Every staff can access this intranet system to declare enrolment and share info (Docherty P., Ullstad C., 1998). This company organizes their whole company to one group. This cave in system is convenience dialogue, which may easily to achieve directly communication between employees and managers. This is because manager not only can spend less time to discuss with employees, and they may also control employees from different sections. For employees, they may find distinct requirements from ma nagers and others to provide successful production or project. Therefore, this dialogue would act as timesaving, faster and functional system to extend other organization.In sum of first two parts, there are triple main elements to force on dialogue for learning and participation culture, which are listening, inquiry and reflection. Isaacs said, listening is the heart of dialogue (Isaacs, W. N., 1999). Listening is not only hear the words, people have to consider and understand what they are listening. This information would be noticed and observed to you. Basically, listening is one learning method, which collect information from others and suit for you (Gerard, G., Ellinor, L., 2001). Inquiry is pretty functional model for dialogue. As a matter of fact, asking question is one directly note way from dialogue. Any questions will be achieved by inquiry. You may obtain extra information when they solve your question and more options why other disagrees (Gerard, G., Ellinor, L., 20 01). The become one is reflection. During the conversation, you should be noticed what is your options and how to effect. At the end of dialogue, everyone should quicken few minutes to think about this dialogue. Dialogue not only transform your mind, it will be also confuse others. These three elements will act as the key of dialogue to positively impact organizational culture.There are two opposite opinions for competitive culture by dialogue in internal and external company. Dialogue would negatively impact competitive culture in internal company. If the competition appears between employees, they would not share any ideas with each other, this is not satisfactory condition in organization. However, if this competition is appeared between companies. Dialogue is perfect method to provide more competition than other companies. Different department should work together and provide vary information from distinct sections. Company need to competitiveness up with dialogue between comp anies. Dialogue is preference and material, which promote development of company.The last organizational culture is bureaucratic culture. It has been identified two major set aboutes the give-up the ghost down and the bottom up (Thornhill, A, P. Lewis, M. Millmore M. Saunders, 2000). Regarding the top down, it is known as culture engineering approach (Palmer, I C. Handy, 2000). There is the top manager who has seemly knowledge of desired values and achieves success to all staff of organization by norms and expected behavior. Therefore, there is one success case, which is British Airways to better and achieve the top down approach (Watson, T.J. (1996). However, there is not ample evidence to circumstantiate several questions in the top down approach. nonetheless though manager has the right and ability to create, maintain and change the organization culture (Thompson, R. C. Mabey, 1994), they should also pass through lots of human resource to achieve, especially, organizatio n development, communication strategies, training and reward (Mabey, C. G. Salaman (1995). This system is too centralisation of state power from manager and underestimating employee resistance. Employee would reliance on manager without measure. They could not thinking and discuss with each other. They only force on what target from manager and how to do. Manager considers everything, which they do, is correct, nobody can not reply them. At the end, it would lead to vicious circles of manager behaviors (Beer, M., R.A. Eisenstat B. Spector, 1990).In contrast, the bottom up approach is much more participative and interactive than the top down approach. There are greater opportunities to be provided for employee involvement in culture change (Hargie. O D. Tourish, 2000). It would raise organizational effectiveness through this approach. Employee might discuss and talk with manager. In the case study of telecommunications of Sri Lankan organization, they have made an attempt through improved conversation between manager and other employees (Sri Lanka telecom (2001). However, manager may recruitment correct staff in each stage. They have to spend effort, time and money in training the staff to suit for each stage. Hence, company will operate bottom up approach, which is lasting by structure, policies and performance (Armstrong, M, 1990). As a matter of fact, the bottom up approach will help manager to relax and reduce insistence from company. Each department force on different staff to work. It not only increases work efficiency, and varies ideas will be provided by each employee. Sequentially, dialogue can positively impact organizational culture, competitive and innovation.AppendixReferencesDixon, N.M. 1998, Dialogue at Work. Making Talk Developmental for People and Organizations, Center for imaginative Leadership, capital of the United Kingdom.Swidler, L 1966, What Is Dialogue, Temple University.Gerard, G., Ellinor, L. (2001), Dialogue at Work Skills fo r Leveraging bodied Understanding, Waltham, MA Pegasus Communications.Hellrigle and Slocum, 1994. Management, 6e. New York Addison WesleyIsaacs, W. N. (1993), Taking Flight Dialogue, Collective thinking and organisational Learning, organisational Dynamics, 22, 24-39.Cressey P., Kelleher M., (1999) Partnership and Investment in Europe the role of social dialogue and human resource development, Leonardo Project Consolidated Report, Jan. 1999 University of bathtub / ECLODocherty P., Ullstad C., (1998) Partnership and Investment in Europe Volvo Car Corporation case study, IMIT, GothenburgIsaacs, W. N. (1999), Dialogue and the Art of Thinking Together A Pioneering Approach to communication in descent and in Life, New York Currency.Senge, P. (1995), The Fifth Discipline Fieldbook Strategies and Tools for construction a Learning Organization capital of the United Kingdom Nicholas Brealey.Schein, E. (1993), On Dialogue, Culture and organisational Learning, Organizational Dynamics, 22 , 40-51.Thornhill. A, P. Lewis, M. Millmore M. Saunders (2000) Managing Change A Human Resource Strategy Approach, London Prentice Hall.Palmer, I C. Handy (2000) Thinking About Management Implications of Organizational Debates for Practice, London Sage Publications.Watson, T.J. (1996) How do managers think? Identity, morality and pragmatism in managerial theory and practice, Management Learning, 27 323-342.Thompson, R. C. Mabey (1994) Developing Human Resources, London Butterworth Heinemann.Mabey, C. G. Salaman (1995) Strategic Human Resource Management, Oxford Blackwell Publishers.Beer, M., R.A. Eisenstat B. Spector (1990) Why change programmes dont produce change, Harvard Business Review, November/December, 158-166.Armstrong, M (1990) How to be an Even Better Manager, London Kogan PageSri Lanka Telecom (2001) Annual Business Plan 2002, Colombo Sri Lanka Telecom Ltd.,Hargie. O D. Tourish (2000) Communication and organisational success, in O. Hargie D. Touris (eds) Handbok of Communication Audits for Organisations, London Routledge.

Shakespeares Macbeth as Tragic Hero Essay -- Macbeth essays

Shakespeares Macbeth as Tragic Hero Shakespeares Macbeth follows the journey of nobleman Macbeth that starts with him as Thane of Glamis and ends with him as male monarch of Scotland. Macbeth is a tragic hero be birth he possesses all the traits that Aristotle outlined in his poetics. He said that the tragic hero must be a man that is higher than mortal worth, but has tragic flaws. Aristotle also stated that the flaws will lead to great suffering and usually death the cause being fate. The flaws that lead to Macbeths degeneration are his sense of ambition, his reliance on the prophecies and his influence and manipulation by Lady Macbeth. These flaws cause the downfall of Macbeth, which evokes both pity and fear in the audience. Macbeths ambition is a very salient factor that contributes to his demise. At first his good nature was stronger than his ambition because he is against the murder of King Duncan, saying Why, if fate will have me king, why, medical prognosi s may crown me without my stir. (I, 3, 157-158). Eventually his ambition overcomes his good nature aft...

Children and the Media/Advertising Essay -- essays research papers

It has been noted that the media and advertizement industries have targeted the children in the process of selling products and services. Children are in the advance range that is most influenced and are most desired for companies to sell products to. minor league are young and are therefore potential long-term consumers. both(prenominal) of these publicize industries include companies selling credit cards, tobacco, alcohol, clothing and fast food. agree to marketing expert James U. McNeal, PhD, author of "The Kids Market Myths and Realities" (Paramount Market Publishing, 1999), children low 12 already spend a $28 billion a year. Teen-agers spend $100 billion. Children also influence another $249 billion washed-out by their parents. At the same time they are helping these companies work and destroy little minds. According to him "Advertising is a massive, multi-million dollar advise thats having an enormous impact on child development." "The sheer volume of advertising is growing rapidly and invading new areas of childhood, like our schools." A earn protesting psychologists involvement in childrens advertising was written by Commercial Alert, a Washington, D.C., advocacy organization. The letter calls marketing to children a violation of APAs mission of mitigating humanity suffering, improving the condition of both individuals and society, and helping the public develop communicate judgments. It urged the APA to challenge what it calls an "abuse of psychologi...

Essay examples --

Logic solelyy, a contradiction consists of opposition between twain conflicting ideas. Therefore, human contradiction would be opposing oneself to a nonher somebody by saying or doing the opposite of whatever he or she says. A psyche should non say one thing and and so turn around do another. Actions should be external representations of a persons internal motives and be non- strange. Henrik Ibsens characters Aslaksen, Billing, Hovstad, Mayor Peter Stockmann and Morten Kiil are wonderful examples of human contradictions because they undergo complete identity reversals from which they start with. These louver characters are special representatives of the community that are supposed to have the candid of the community at nerve center. In reality, they use scientific and factual righteousness for personal gain and biased motives instead of the good of the community. There is a sense of diversity in the often contradictory motives that affect all human behavior. Ibsen came to c hange his proficiency of writing without his career from non-dramatic to dramatic. It would not be bad a contradiction, except for his reasoning behind it. He seems to change his writing with hope that a more dramatic technique might attract more people to his writings, enabling him to convey his thoughts and visions a great deal more publically and in a more conventional manner. contradictory most authors that emphasized plot and intrigue at the time, Ibsen subtly inserted views contradictory to that of people at the time. He showed those contradictions of people in the ways in which they behaved and tried to think, especially in stressful situations like the ones that are created by Doctor Stockmann and other characters in Ibsens An Enemy of the People. The characters become inconsistent, m... ... does not have the communitys best interest at heart like he should. He offers Doctor Stockmann social and financial security measures as well as a short term oust if only the Doct or leaves the subject alone and retracts everything that he has said consequently far. He also offers in return to the Doctor the ability to be reinstated at a later time. So really he has no change in heart, nor in contradiction since he suffers no change. In conclusion, each of these five characters that are somehow important to the community goes through a human contradiction or multiple ones. In equality to Doctor Stockmann who remains steadfast in his ideals of nothing but the fair play is good enough, each of these characters has an ugly internal contradiction to what their external actions should be. zippo is done for the good of the people, but what is good for each persons individual gains.

The Big Dig :: Tunnel Construction Essays

The Big core out The primal arteria Tunnel Project, more comm only(prenominal) known as the Big Dig, is said to be the largest, most complex and technologically thought-provoking passage forcing out in American history. It is the culmination of decades of planning and safeguard and is hoped to alleviate the traffic congestion that has plagued the Boston area since the invention of the automobile. The regurgitate incorporates a major underground highway system, a new cable-stayed bridge, and a series of impressive tunnel crossings, each a considerable try on their own, all constructed in the midst of a bustling urban center. The stem for a Central arterial blood vessel through Boston has been talked about since a 1909 special commission determined that a 100-foot wide road should be built through the center of downtown Boston. Little was done with the project until the 1940s when Boston city planners saw on the horizon a tremendous proliferation of automobi les and decided something must be done. The Massachusetts Department of ordinary Works eventually came up with a plan that called for an elevated highway 1.5 miles long through the heart of downtown Boston, accompanied by an national Belt that wrapped around downtown Boston to the west. In 1948 urban center and State officials approved a master plan, construction commenced in 1950. As soon as construction had started it became quite clear that the supposedly revolutionary highway had major flaws. The passage devoured and divided neighborhoods, cut off the city from waterfront, and created confusing traffic situations below. In 1954, it was decided to sink the rest of the roadway underground. Once completed the artery was able to handle about 75,000 vehicles a day. However, a lack of breakdown lanes, an abundance of on and off ramps, and many sharp curves makes the artery a treacherous drive. Residents were so unhappy with the Central Artery that officials decided not to build the Inner Belt. That meant that the Central Artery had to handle all of the traffic that was meant to be split between the two. This only exacerbated the existing problems. By the 1980s conditions on the road had worsened so much that officials were forced to once again step in. Toda the Central Artery carries 190,000 vehicles a day. It has an accident rate four times the national honest for urban highways, and is backed up bumper-to-bumper six to eight hours a day.

Bipolar Disorder Essay example -- Research Disorders Bipolar Essays

bipolar Disorder Bipolar trouble oneself is often considered a hereditary disease. According to the National amiable Health Association (2001) a specific genetic link to bipolar disorder has not been found. Studies bear witness that 80 to 90 percent of those who suffer from bipolar disorder engage relatives with some form of opinion (NIMH, 2001). Bipolar disorder is a psychical illness involving one or more episodes of serious mania and depression which causes individuals to feel an euphoric type high or feeling really low. Over 2.5 million hatful in America have bipolar disorder. This disorder usually occurs during adolescence or early adulthood and continues passim liveliness. Although, new-made children stinkpot be diagnosed with manic depression as well. Bipolar disorder also shows symptoms by being very irritable and having destructive tantrums throughout the day. Sommers (2000), wrote that teenage guys and girls be equally alikely to experience manic depression, exclusively it is often more apparent in girls ( p.15 ). This is because guys do not like admitting to being depressed because it makes them look weak and have no control, so they tend to hold back their feelings which will only make their life more difficult. In contrast girls are more prone to take to task about their feelings than guys are. Diagnosing individuals with bipolar disorder is very difficult due to the fact that many people deny that anything is wrong because he or she likes the feeling of being in high mood. An otherwise reason diagnosing is difficult is because the line of work may be related to some other type of illness or accompanied with a coexisting problem like substance abuse, poor performance in schoolwork and jobs.Bipolar disorder ( a.k.a. Manic Depressive illness) is a disorder that causes unusual shifts in a persons mood, energy, and ability to function ( National Institute of Mental Health NIMH, 2001 ). This disorder consist of severe episodes of highs and lows that individuals go through. These highs and lows have a much greater impact on an individuals life than the normal highs and lows people go through everyday. These episodes can lead to unwanted behaviors, depression, anxiety and can lead to suicide if not treated. There are four categories in which bipolar disorder is classified according to symp... ...s through medications. There are several different types of medications on the market today used for treating bipolar patients but the oldest one that has shown a significant decrease of episodes is known as lithium. Lithium is a natural and standard mood stabilizer that has been highly beneficial in treating bipolar patients. Also, many BD patients will also be official to some type of antidepressants like, Zoloft, Prozac, and Paxil. Sleeping aids are sometimes prescribed for short term therapy for patients dealing with insomnia. Most common prescribed sleeping aids are xanax, topamx. A combination of these medication ha s shown to be effective, but reported patients having hard-take side effects. Taking a combination of anti-psychotics, sleeping aids, thyroid supplements, and benzodiazepine is sometimes called med cocktails. Patients taking medications are also advised to look professional help from psychiatrist, psychologist, psychotherapist, or some type of mental wellness professional. This is an essential part of treating people with bipolar disorder who want to intimidate this disease in control and not it controlling ones life.

Creation or Evolution? :: social issues

Creation or organic ontogenesis?How was the flat coat created? This is a question that has puzzled humans for ages. There ar two main theories that explain how the earth was formed. These are the theories of evolution and excogitation. The creation supposition is divided into various groups. The most accepted creation theory is the one of the biblical creationists. Biblical creation and evolution are really different, and both have indicators as to their au whenceticity. In evolution life is seen as having resulted by natural processes only. The theory suggests that in the past there were drawn-out intervals of stability which ended with a mass extinction and the sudden way of a new species. This process occured without the intervention of supernatural forces or dieties. or so all modern scientists who are non Evangelical Christians deal in evolution. Biblical creationists are also called literal creationists, because they interpret the two multiplication accounts of cr eation in the Bible literally and believe that the Bible is without error. They believe that the day mentioned in Genesis 1 signifies a normal 24 hour day. According to this creation the universe was established in sextuplet days. Biblical creationists interpret most sedimentary rocks as products of Noahs flood. The majority believes that the earth is under 10,000 years of age. Some believe 4004 BC was the year of creation. The psyche who proposed the methods by which natural processes cause the evolution of the species was Charles Darwin. He used natural selection to explain how evolution worked. Darwins old teacher said evolution would brutalize us as human beings and sink us into a lower grade of degradation than every time in save history. He was partially correct. The fact that many people think they evolved from monkeys has do morale in the world lower. However, to say that it has been the cause for the decline of ships company is ridiculous. Yes, war and crime has been h igher in this century than in any other, but it is ceartainly not because of the theory of evolution. A theory can not start a war or commit a crime. large number can. How can you prove creation or evolution? You can not prove them scientifically. The only one you could prove is creation, because of the Bible. If you believe that the Bible is without error, then you must believe that God created everything. Creation is much harder to support scientifically.

Book Report On Cover Up Essay -- essays research papers

Cover-Up     The assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy Jr. was a very(prenominal) emotional time in our nations history. This horrifying incident occurred on November 22, 1963, in a motorcade procession in D every last(predicate)as, Texas. At 1230 in the afternoon the procession was going down Elm Street in Dealy Plaza, when shots were fired. One struck President Kennedy in the throat and moments later a bullet tore apart his head. At 100 p.m., President JFK was pronounced dead. That same afternoon, Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested as a suspect of murder. Oswald however, pleaded his innocence by stating, " Im just a patsy." This caused many suspicions and uncertaintys. Was he a l peerless assassin? Was he innocent? Was in that location a conspiracy against the president? These questions called for Lyndon B. Johnson, the newly president, to form the Warren mission specifically to investigate the assassination. It was named for the Chairman, and the Chief umpire of the United States, Earl Warren. This commission, after ten months of investigation, presented their report to President Johnson. The 26 volumes of yard and exhibits, " overwhelmingly supported the conclusions that the assassination was no conspiracy, but the work of one unhappy man, Lee Harvey Oswald." (New York Times) However many Americans continued to believe there was a conspiracy to assassinate President John F. Kennedy. The loudness Cover- Up, by Stewart Galanor, is a great description of the facts and fictions of the investigation.     The shots the president received were both unbelievably fatal. The first shot to the neck was seen to be an entrance smart, however this seems to be impossible if the assassin was behind him 6 floors up. However, like usual, the Warren Commission performed a test and proved the shot to indeed be an plump wound. The test was performed using a goatskin to show that entrance and exit wounds atomic number 18 similar in appearance, when they really are not. The Warren Commission stuck to their beliefs, although it was simply a false idea. The fatal wound was also discussed and questioned. Many doctors estimate there really was no fatal blast to the head, just a small exit wound. However, two Parkland doctors described the head wound to be extremely fatal. One doctor stated, "As I took send at the head of the table, I was in such a positi... ...ottom of the decades sterling(prenominal) mystery. As for the Warren Commission, they were really doing the same thing, except they were just flavour for the easiest way out, not the truth. They should have known that one day all of their hidden evidence would be found. And it was, which caused great distrust, by the majority of Americans, in their own leaders, their government. The tribe in this book who went on record demonstrate a part of the "cover-up" are very brave people, and they should be the people who the w orld looks to for the truth in the investigation. The information in this book was very interesting and attention grabbing. It really focused on the evidence of a conspiracy or cover- up. This book really taught me that some people will do anything to satisfy themselves, no matter what they have to do to others. All the people directly involved in the investigation seemed to seduce up or take over something to keep things as mere(a) and secretive as possible. Even though the world still went on and there were more conflicts to deal with, I think the most plaguing question of the average American in this decade was, "Who killed JFK?"     

The Birth of Computer Programming Ada Augusta Byron King Countess of Lovelace :: Essays Papers

The Birth of Computer Programming Ada Augusta Byron exponent Countess of LovelaceIn a founding of men, for men, and made by men, there were a lucky few women who could stand up and be noniced. In the earlier nineteenth century, Lovelace Augusta Byron King, Countess of Lovelace, made her mark among the world of men that has influenced tied(p) at presents world. She was the Enchantress of Numbers and the Mother of Computer Programming. The world of computers began with the futuristic knowledge of one Charles Babbage and one Lady Lovelace, who appeared to know much about Babbages Analytical Engine than he himself knew. At the condemnation of Lovelaces discoveries, women were only just beginning to take part in the scientific world, and her love of mathematics drove her straight into the world of men. Her upbringing, her take care for more knowledge, her love of mathematics, and her inherited piece of writing abilities brought to life what we know today as computer program ming or computer science.Lovelace Augusta Byron was born(p) to the famous British poet George Gordon Byron (Lord Byron), and Anne Isabella Milbanke on December 10, 1815. Her parents marriage lasted the short time of one year, and one month after Lovelace was born, Lord Byron left. From that point in time until her death, Lovelaces life was governed by her domineering stick. As a child, Lovelaces tutors and governesses were all instructed to teach her the discipline of mathematics and music in such a way that Lovelace would never find the love of writing that her father possessed. For fear that Lovelace would develop the same mood swings and torments that her father had, Lovelace was not allowed to really read her fathers verse. There were claims that Annabella, as her mother was called, kept Lord Byrons poetry in a causal agent that Lovelace could access at anytime. She was even encouraged to read the poetry ulterior on in life, but the discipline, as Annabella called it , of mathematics had been instilled into Lovelace and her spark for poetry was smothered. It was by smothering Lovelaces tendencies towards poetry that she ended up canvas the womens forbidden subjects of mathematics and science. Undoubtedly, Lovelace was better off not care a school where she would have been obliged to follow the typical political program for young ladies of her class.

Environmental Ethics Essay -- shallow ecological thinking, deep ecolog

If we each take responsibility in duty period our own behavior, we can trigger the type of change that is necessary to get through sustainability for our race or this major designet. We change our planet, our purlieu, our humanity every day, every year, every decade, and every millennia. -- Yehuda BergThe state of our environment has been deteriorating for centuries. Every part of the planet has been negatively impacted by man. Environmental degradation was greatly speed by the industrial revolution that took place in the 19th century. The industrial revolution mechanized the production of goods and introduced the use of machinery and other heavy equipment which were fuel by dirty sources of energy. At first, wood and coal powered the engines of industry, afterward they were replaced by natural gas and petroleum(Alters 51-63). At this point, it simply is not plentiful to just do no harm to the environment. We must immediately array to act on behalf of the environment, instea d of just not against it.My ethics concerning the environment have always run along the lines of shallow ecological thinking,(Naess) as Arne Naess called it. I choose to avoid pollution and to reduce, reuse, and recycle because these actions seem practiced to existence in one way or another. This reasoning is overlap by many people in regards to the environment and animal rights considering anything as a means to human ends, rather than as ends in themselves. plain the supra passage from the Bible seems to allocate all the goods of the earth to humans and puts all the natural resources under their direct supervision. I understand the above passage to mean that man is obliged to look after the environment and to protect it, much like a mother looks after her chi... ...ered by a world of people. We need to keep in mind, however, that ethics do not develop spontaneously, so we must allow a moment of leeway, some room to move, grow, and evolve. With this mindset, the environmental damage can first be slowed, then stopped, and eventually reversed and mended. It may seem drastic, but this plan of action may be more necessary than the people of our indigent planet realize.Works CitedAlters, Sandra, ed., Coal. Energy Supplies, Sustainability and Costs. Detroit Thomson Gale, 2007. 51-63. EBC. OhioLINK Scholarly and Reference E-Books. Web. 17 Apr. 2015Naess, Arne. THE change AND THE DEEP, LONG RANGE ECOLOGY MOVEMENTS Inquiry (Oslo), 16 (1973). Web. 5 whitethorn 2015http//www.alamut.com/subj/ideologies/pessimism/Naess_deepEcology.htmlSinger, Peter. Practical Ethics. Second ed. New York Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Internet Research and Internet Plagiarism Essay -- Internet Online Com

profit Research and Internet PlagiarismAs wonderful as it is, the Internet is non the be-all and end-all of your research. A college-level term musical composition that uses only the Internet for information will probably not keep on its subject adequately, and thus will not receive a mellowed grade. There are several reasons for this. For one, the Internet tends to cover subjects more superficially than the printed literature, without the depth and context provided by a book. Most Internet sources overly lack explicit citations to other sources for reference such citation is an weighty part of articles found in professional journals and is one of the federal agencys in which scholarly accountability is maintained.Another important reason that the Internet should not be the primary information source for a term idea is the considerable variation in the type of information available on the Internet. This variation is due to the Internets lack of a standard for information qua lity. Printed, or hardcopy, literature has a built-in safeguard to promote high quality information -- peer-review. Peer-review means that the editor of the article or book has send the disseminated sclerosis to authorities in the subject matter (people like your professors). These reviewers adjudicate the manuscript and reach a general consensus that the work meets the required standards. Reviewers cannot notify an editor to reject a manuscript simply because they might dissent with it. They can advise to reject it if there are flaws in the way in which the subject was investigated, if there are major internal inconsistencies, if the manuscript does not adequately deal with important counter arguments, or if the subsisting literature is not adequately referenced. Reviewers commonaltyly off... ...re, because that implies the words are your own.If you attain a particularly elegant or useful devise in the literature, it can be included in the term paper provided the phrase is within quotation marks and its source is cited. Larger textual passages should be indented, but this is very unusual in science articles (it is more common in the humanities and social sciences), and is generally discouraged in scientific writing.Plagiarism can be avoided by reading the source hearty and taking notes and NEVER copying word for word. This must also make to the Internet. Never cut and paste from a source into your term paper. As an added disincentive to cut and paste from the Internet, remember that, should your professor suspect that a phrase is not your own, the Internet could be easily searched for that phrase. Plagiarism from the Internet is very easy to catch

Pathogenesis of Anthrax :: Anthrax

There argon two of import factors that are important for an splenic fever infection bacterial proliferation (growth) and invasion of organ systems and the cytotoxic effect of anthrax toxin, with eventual organ failure and death (Karginov). The send-off factor occurs once the host has been infected. This infection pull up stakes never be reached if it were not for a very important characteristic of the bacterium its great power to form spores. Sporulation occurs in the soil and on culture media alone not in living tissue, unless exposed to air (Sakarya). These spores are create by B. anthracis in soil when the environment becomes inhospitable to growth referable to a variety of factors including drought, excessive heat, lack of nutrients, or presence of pungent chemicals. The formation of a spore begins when a bacterium replicates its chromosome and places it within a strenuous shell. Once the outer cell wall dissolves, the endospore (inner spore) is released. This spore can trickery dormant in its environment for a long period of judgment of conviction and survive many harsh conditions. Once the environment is favorable for growth, the spore will rehydrate to form a vegetative bacterium (Campbell). Endospores are highly repellent to UV light, temperature extremes, high pH, drying, high salinity (salt) levels, different types of disinfection, and even time. An try out conducted at Iowa State University in 1978, showed that a 50-year old vial of anthrax spores could still give rise to live bacteria (Boyer). The two main methods for killing spores are incineration and high-pressure steam. The temperature required by these methods that will solution in spore death is 240?F. Most laboratories and hospitals use similar conditions to sterilize instruments in an autoclave. Without the help of these spores, the chance for infection by B. anthracis would decrease dramatically. Once a host is infected by the spores and germinates, production of a capsule and third toxin proteins takes place. This leads to an important factor of anthrax infection involving the three toxin proteins cautionary antigen (PA), edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF). To produce active toxins, PA mustiness bind to cellular receptors and then to either EF or LF(Joellenbeck). Binding of the protective antigen to either of the other two toxin proteins will form complexes which penetrate the forbearings cells to cause massive cell swelling and rapid cardiovascular collapse (Hersack). These complexes will contribute to causing the disease. The edema toxin forms edema, which might extend host susceptibility to infection with B.

Why Couldnt Kant Be A Utilitarian? Essay -- Philosophy Philosophical

why Couldnt Kant Be A functional? regard In his essay Could Kant get to Been a Utilitarian?, R. M. Hare tries to submit that Kants moral guess contains useful elements and it can be powerful asked if Kant could strike been a useful, though in feature he was non. I memorize seriously Hares dispute to the touchstone view because I come across his adaptation on the whole sensible enough to star to a lucid meter reading of Kants moral philosophy. Still, I hardly believe that it is necessarily cogitate from Hares reading that Kant could have been a useful. In this paper, I will front show that Hares interpretation of treating a person as an end as treating a persons ends as our own is reasonable, and so is his reading of willing our maxim as a universal law and duties to oneself, which is based on that interpretation. Then I will turn over that Kant couldnt be a utilitarian despite the apparently utilitarian elements in his theory because caring almost others ends ( of which happiness is the sum) is a duty. This is so, in Kants view, not because happiness is valuable in itself, but because it is the sum of those ends set freely by each reasoning(prenominal) human being who is valuable in itself, that is, an end in itself. In his essay Could Kant Have Been A Utilitarian?, (1) R.M. Hare, analyzing Kants text, tries to show that Kants moral theory contains utilitarian elements and it can be properly asked whether Kant could have been a utilitarian though he was in fact not. I take his challenge to the standard view seriously not because it is made by the noted moral philosopher but because I find Hares reading of Kants text on the whole reasonable enough to lead to a consistent interpretation of Kants moral philo... ... fuer Philosophie), 1991.(3) T. Terada, op.cit. J. Murphy, Kant The Philosophy of Right, MacMillan, 1970.(4) H.J. Paton, The Categorical Imperative, pascal U.P., 1971.(5) T. Terada, Universal belief of Right as the peremptory Principle of Kants mulish Philosophy, in Proceedings of the 8th international Kant Congress, 1995.(6) T. Terada, Kanto ni okeru Jiko ni taisuru Gimu no Mondai (The caper of Duties to Oneself in Kant), Tetsugaku (The Philosophy) 46, 1995 T. Nitta,Fuhenkakanosei to Sogo-shutaisei (Universal-izability and Intersubjectivity), in Aichi Kenritsu Daigaku ronshu 35, 1986.(7) T. Terada, Universal Principle of Right as the Supreme Principle of Kants Practical Philosophy P. Guyer, Kants Morality of rectitude and Morality of Freedom, in Dancy (ed.), op.cit.(8) W.K. Frankena, Ethics, Prentice-Hall, 1973. wherefore Couldnt Kant Be A Utilitarian? Essay -- Philosophy Philosophical Why Couldnt Kant Be A Utilitarian?ABSTRACT In his essay Could Kant Have Been a Utilitarian?, R. M. Hare tries to show that Kants moral theory contains utilitarian elements and it can be properly asked if Kant could have been a utilitarian, though in fact he was not. I take seriously Hares challenge to the standard view because I find his reading on the whole reasonable enough to lead to a consistent interpretation of Kants moral philosophy. Still, I hardly believe that it is necessarily concluded from Hares reading that Kant could have been a utilitarian. In this paper, I will first show that Hares interpretation of treating a person as an end as treating a persons ends as our own is reasonable, and so is his reading of willing our maxim as a universal law and duties to oneself, which is based on that interpretation. Then I will argue that Kant couldnt be a utilitarian despite the apparently utilitarian elements in his theory because caring about others ends (of which happiness is the sum) is a duty. This is so, in Kants view, not because happiness is valuable in itself, but because it is the sum of those ends set freely by each rational human being who is valuable in itself, that is, an end in itself. In his essay Could Kant Have Been A Utilitarian?, (1) R.M. Hare, analyzing Ka nts text, tries to show that Kants moral theory contains utilitarian elements and it can be properly asked whether Kant could have been a utilitarian though he was in fact not. I take his challenge to the standard view seriously not because it is made by the celebrated moral philosopher but because I find Hares reading of Kants text on the whole reasonable enough to lead to a consistent interpretation of Kants moral philo... ... fuer Philosophie), 1991.(3) T. Terada, op.cit. J. Murphy, Kant The Philosophy of Right, MacMillan, 1970.(4) H.J. Paton, The Categorical Imperative, Pennsylvania U.P., 1971.(5) T. Terada, Universal Principle of Right as the Supreme Principle of Kants Practical Philosophy, in Proceedings of the 8th International Kant Congress, 1995.(6) T. Terada, Kanto ni okeru Jiko ni taisuru Gimu no Mondai (The Problem of Duties to Oneself in Kant), Tetsugaku (The Philosophy) 46, 1995 T. Nitta,Fuhenkakanosei to Sogo-shutaisei (Universal-izability and Intersubjectivity), in Aichi Kenritsu Daigaku ronshu 35, 1986.(7) T. Terada, Universal Principle of Right as the Supreme Principle of Kants Practical Philosophy P. Guyer, Kants Morality of Law and Morality of Freedom, in Dancy (ed.), op.cit.(8) W.K. Frankena, Ethics, Prentice-Hall, 1973.

Analysis of the Enzyme Sucrase for Optimum Temperature, pH, and Concent

Analysis of the Enzyme Sucrase for Optimum Temperature, pH, and Concentration schemaEnzymes react contrastively under different conditions and concentrations, being the most arable at the enzymes specific best condition and concentration. The enzyme sucrase, extracted from yeast, breaks down the complex dulcorate saccharose into the simple sugar glucose. Testing for sucrases optimum milieu, multiple reactions were ran using varying tot ups and concentrations of sucrose and sucrase at different pHs and temperatures. The product was accordingly treated with Benedicts solution to visu altogethery observe what amount of glucose was confront after the reaction was ran negative results being little to no glucose present and positivist results being glucose present. The varying levels of colors created by the Benedicts trial were recorded as 1 (negative) blue 2 green 3 yellow 4 (positive) orange and 5 (positive) red. After running the reactions to insure the optimum temperature and pH, 37 degrees Celsius was determined to be the optimum temperature while pH 2.0 was determined to be the optimum pH. This means that under these conditions the enzyme will garter produce the most product from the substrate. After finding the optimum conditions the dickens different concentrations of sucrose were ran for ten minuets taking an initial sample and then subsequent samples every minuet, under those conditions, one concentration at 2.5% sucrose and again at 10% sucrose. The 10% sucrose had the most positive results because there were sufficient active sites to bind with most of the sucrose present producing glucose more efficiently than the 2.5% sucrose. As with the 2.5% sucrose all of the sucrose was adhesion to the active sites of sucrase and there were ... ...ty Benedict test results. One of these possibilities or some combination can lead to inaccurate optimum temperature and or pH, which in turn would through off the optimum concentration. Over all I feel tha t the most important part of the optimum environment is the pH because of the competitive inhibition caused by free protons in solution. whole kit CITEDHalverson, K. M. and B. A., Barry. 2003. Sucrose and glycerol effects on photosystem 2. Biophysical daybook 85 1317Lawrence, S., M. K. Heidemann and D. O. Straney. 2006. biologic Sciences 111L Laboratory Manual. Hayden-McNeil Publishing, Inc., PlymouthPeluffo, D. R.. 2004. Effect of ADP on NA+-NA+ Exchange chemical reaction Kinetics of Na,K-ATPase. Biophysical Journal 87 883Shaevitz, J. W., S. M. Block, and M.J. Schnitzer. 2005. Statistical Kinetics of Macromolecular Dynamics. Biophysical Journal 89 2277

A Unique and Meaningful Life Essay -- Philosophy Essays

A Unique and pregnant Life A unique and meaning(prenominal) life is compatible with the purpose of a good federal actors thoughtful be sick. In apology of this assertion, I impart argue in favour of Barbara Hermans Kantian interchange of moral responsibleness, which suggests that moral involution occurs in the factors grounds of obligation. Grounds of obligation be facts recognized and considered by the performer during moral figuring they argon facts of a certain sort. They have moral signifi advisece because they are defining features of our (human) coherent natures that limit what we can rationally kick the bucket (as defined by the CI procedure) (318).1 The grounds are non reasons for acting but are guides for retardation the facts considered in a wedded situation are founded in 1s thoughtful frame, videlicet matters of importance to the moral agent.2 Similar to Hermans defense mechanism of Kant, I impart argue that moral conflict whitethor n occur among the grounds of obligation in the agents deliberative frame, but never in ones duty because the CI will always settle down nevertheless one moral obligation. I will then lodge two criticisms to counter Hermans defense of Kant. The first criticism proposes that the exclusive field of deliberation - that contains not only the agents interest and clandestine projects but also the interests of others as attainable sources of claims on the agents actions and resources (331) - can lead to conflicting assumptions about duties in the members of society as a whole. And the second criticism arises from Hermans rejection of the tonicity of guilt in the Kantian model, in situations of moral conflict.3 The critics I inclose accept that the moral agent has a life of her own pursual from the concept... ... 1990.Notes1 Throughout my paper, I will be using CI as short form for Kants Categorical Imperative2 I will be using two female and male subjects when referri ng to the moral agent3 A field of deliberation is another way of defining the deliberative frame (as described above) two contain grounds of obligation when referring to the considerations taken by the moral agent during her deliberation4 Basically there are only two options since given the opportunity, she must save one.5 Restitution and proportionality are terms that pack not be defined since my pass judgment critics will focus on the notion of guilt.6 It may seem that the tinge of guilt is irrelevant to the discussion of an agents deliberative frame however, the second critic hopes that determination a flaw in Hermans argument will lead to a rejection of the concept. A Unique and Meaningful Life Essay -- philosophical system EssaysA Unique and Meaningful Life A unique and meaningful life is compatible with the concept of a moral agents deliberative frame. In defense of this assertion, I will argue in favour of Barbara Hermans Kantian discussion of moral obligation, which suggests that moral conflict occurs in the agents grounds of obligation. Grounds of obligation are facts recognized and considered by the agent during moral deliberation they are facts of a certain sort. They have moral significance because they are defining features of our (human) rational natures that limit what we can rationally will (as defined by the CI procedure) (318).1 The grounds are not reasons for acting but are guides for deliberation the facts considered in a given situation are founded in ones deliberative frame, namely matters of importance to the moral agent.2 Similar to Hermans defense of Kant, I will argue that moral conflict may occur among the grounds of obligation in the agents deliberative frame, but never in ones duty because the CI will always determine only one moral obligation. I will then anticipate two criticisms to counter Hermans defense of Kant. The first criticism proposes that the individual field of deliberati on - that contains not only the agents interest and private projects but also the interests of others as possible sources of claims on the agents actions and resources (331) - can lead to conflicting assumptions about duties in the members of society as a whole. And the second criticism arises from Hermans rejection of the feeling of guilt in the Kantian model, in situations of moral conflict.3 The critics I present accept that the moral agent has a life of her own following from the concept... ... 1990.Notes1 Throughout my paper, I will be using CI as short form for Kants Categorical Imperative2 I will be using both female and male subjects when referring to the moral agent3 A field of deliberation is another way of defining the deliberative frame (as described above) both contain grounds of obligation when referring to the considerations taken by the moral agent during her deliberation4 Basically there are only two options since given the opportunity, she must save one.5 Restit ution and Remainder are terms that need not be defined since my anticipated critics will focus on the notion of guilt.6 It may seem that the feeling of guilt is irrelevant to the discussion of an agents deliberative frame however, the second critic hopes that finding a flaw in Hermans argument will lead to a rejection of the concept.

Alcohol and Drinking - Treatments for Alcoholism Essay -- Exploratory

Treatments for Alcoholism Where can alcoholics receive help? Hospitals, psychiatric agencies, public-welfare departments, and tender agencies, among others are often reluctant to provide care and interposition for conundrum drinkers (Plaut, 53). Although it is difficult to help these problems drinkers, many another(prenominal) people will constitute all they can to help these problem drinkers. The provision of treatment to problem drinkers is complicated because they differ from one to another in so many ways (Plaut, 33). Many different featureors vary within problem drinkers. non only do their drinking patterns vary greatly, but as well their sensual health, psychological condition, and economic circumstances (Plaut, 34). Problem drinkers have problems associated with alcohol and too many other difficulties in life not necessarily transaction with alcohol. Therefore, in planning treatment services for problem drinkers, or in developing a treatment plan for an individual , it is necessary to betroth into story more than just the drinking in fact, it may even be impossible to deal with the drinking behavior unless other problems are also tackled (Plaut, 34). Since drinking can be related to other problems it is important to take everything into account when helping a problem drinker. It is difficult to help problem drinkers with their alcohol problems and also their personal problems. The goals of treatment for most conditions are the rest period of symptoms and the restoration of health (Plaut, 34). A complicated situation to understand is the fact that few, if, any, problem drinkers will be able to return to normal social drinking (Plaut, 34). Thus, the term cure is usually avoided. Abstinence, or at least altering the patients drink... ...n the other hand, the major weaknesses are the failure to provide authentic treatment for substantial proportion of patients having at least an initial pinch with the clinic the lack of experimentation to develop new approaches for working with the less verbal, blue-collar patient the continouing isolation from other agencies- particularly general psychiatric services, rational hospitals, and medical detoxification facilities and the lack of relationships with basic professional training institutions (Plaut, 79). Outpatient care, such as alcoholism clinics can help problem drinkers with their problems and help them to live a new lifestyle. Works Cited Plaut, Thomas, Alcohol Problems 1967, Oxford University Press Mendelson, Jack and Mello, Nancy, Alcohol routine and Abuse in America 1985 by Bio-Behavioral Reaserch Corporation