Science

Topic 2
The Scientific Method: Presentation of Results and Interpretation

I. Objectives
Following uttermost of these laboratory exercises the student should be able to:
1. Understand and accommodate standards for creating scientific tables and graphs.
a. Organize raw info into tables.
b. Create graphs that accurately portray data from tables.

II. Discussion and Exercises
Observations or experimental results atomic number 18 usually recorded (at least initially) as series of notes that must(prenominal) be organized before they can be effectually used. Organizing data into tables and graphs facilitates, or in many cases, is required for interpretation. In addition, presentation of data in tables or graphs is essential to effective communication of scientific findings.

Tables
Tables are useful in presenting a large number of data points or to display data collected on multiple variables. A table typically consists of data organized by columns and rows. The following guidelines are useful in constructing tables (modified from Morgan and Carter, 2008):
* All values of the same kind (from a single variable) should be accommodated in columns. Columns may include data from dependent variables or observational categories.



The headings of the column should see the variable and should include units of measurement, if appropriate.
* Rows in a table are usually used to present independent variables or treatments.
* broadside: In many experiments, there are three types of variables; independent, dependent, and plague or control variables. The independent variable is usually the cistron manipulated by the experimenter, the dependent variable in the factor that responds to the manipulation, and pain variables are factors that could potentially enamor the dependent variable merely which the experiment strives to hold constant between treatments so that the influence of the independent on the dependent variable can be studied in isolation.
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