ANGELS IN THE MACHINERY Gender and American Politics

During the two decades from 1876 to 1894, Edwards argues the country experient a revolving door atmosphere in the political realm, unmatchable through which both parties entered and exited routinely and with through the narrowest margins of victory when attractive office. Because of this instability, both parties sought to once again redefine their ideologies and sex activity relationships in order to gain a wide forcefulness base. The Democrats became more sensitive to women's roles, however, they refuse to define them from a political cheek leave off via their role as shoppers and consumers in line with their domesticated role. The Republicans in any case shifted their ideological paradigm with respect to women. Instead of sway their laws protected family values because of a superior exampleity on behalf of women, they now argued for the same protection of these values from an economic standpoint.

This succession also represented a time of political experimentation, and close to groups formed as third-party alternatives. Some of these third-party organizations, like the Women's Christian easing Union-backed Prohibition and Home Protection Party and the Populists called for woman voting in the case of the former and for egalitarian roles for men and women in the case of the later. The Populists were successful in having some states grant women entire suffrage, but their victories would be short-lived as the turn o

The book is structured chronologically, with the first chapter development the backdrop of the Civil War as a go point in American society and politics. Chapter two reviews the political theory behind suffragists, prohibitionists, and Republicans in an effort to show different experimental models of politics with respect to gender and the power relations of the family. In chapter three we get a picture of the Democrats and how their focus on women was inwardly the domestic sphere, but not politically except for the focus on economics wherein women were the main shoppers and consumers in the home.

In chapter four we see how the Republican party tried to larn a broad constituency over the Democrats by maintaining a moral superiority (much as they do today) and also by positing itself as the protector of blacks, wage earners, and the home. One of these protections even women believed were in their admit best interests were tariffs, which underscores how both parties came to define women's protection in basis of economics. The next chapter on populism shows how this third-party alternative tried to advanced the to the highest degree egalitarian definition of manhood and womanhood and gender relations during the period. It also shows how any party, large or small, must image ideological fundamentals in order to attract as wide a coalition as possible. Populists also used economics as a tool to demonstrate the ineffectuality of tariffs and how a graduated income tax was necessary to provide more equating between rich and poor. Liquor legislation also created factions within the populists, factions we see that are similar to the disagreement of groups within all parties as well as the parties themselves. However, partisan politics were losing their view as a means to greater equality among women leaders. As Susan B. Anthony remarked, "Oh, I have been through the partisan battle. I don't want to see it again."

Nonetheless, women soon learned that suffrage and women's issues had to compet
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