Biology exam notes: Units on reproduction in plants and animals (sexual & assexual), mitosis & meiosis, growth and cell division

BIOLOGY TERM 3

Reproduction

Asexual reproduction

·leads to the production of offspring that are very bid their parents and so carry on adaptations to the conditions they live in.

·Does not be on the production of peculiar(prenominal)ised reproductive cells (gametes)

·Does not numerate on the chance meeting of sperm and egg, eg. Aquatic species draw their gametes into the pissing.

·Does not depend on two mature individuals, nonpareil to produce sperm and the other to produce eggs, coming in concert at an appropriate time for the transfer of sperm.

Fission

·of a single-celled organism is the simplest type of reproduction.

·A cell divides across a midsection to smorgasbord two equal daughter cells. Eg. almost bacteria and some unicellular alga and fungi.

Budding

·A baseborn part, including a nucleus produced by mitosis, pushes out from the parent cell and breaks off.

·Occurs in yeasts.

Spores

·Are the reproductive cells of single-celled and multicellular algae and fungi.

·The spores of aquatic fungi and algae swim through water by using their long whip like flagella.

· Currents of bloodline disperse microscopic spores of terrestrial algae and fungi. When a spore reaches a favourable environment it germinates and develops into a new organism.

Fragmentation and Regeneration

·Fragmentation (the open frame off of parts of the parent body) followed by regeneration (the return of detached part into a new individual) is a form of asexual reproduction that occurs in some multicellular organisms.

·A many celled structure that is capable of growing into a all new individual detaches from the parent, either by a special mechanism or by accident.

·Quite frequently atomisation is a result of damage.

·Repair after fragmentation prat become reproduction in organisms such as sea star and earthworms. Eg. Propagation of plants.

Parthenogenesis

·is the development of an unfertilised egg into an embryo. Eg. Plants, honey...

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